Type of cable – twisted pair (STP, UTP)
- coaxial cable
- fiber optic
STP (shielded twisted pair)
- Include shielding.
- More expensive n difficult to install but it has better electrical than UTP
- Contain pairs of thin copper wires. Use 3 types of insulation:-
i) Each single wire is covered in color-coded plastic insulation
ii) Each pair of wired is twisted together with an insulator (pair shield) around them
iii) All the wires in the cable are covered by a shield called the overall shield
UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
- Consists of pair of thin cooper wired that are twisted together and covered in color-coded plastic insulation
- The wire pairs are then covered with a plastic outer jacket
- Advantages of UTP:-
i) Not required grounded. So it’s the easiest to add connectors to the end.
ii) Small diameter makes it more flexible – easier to work
iii) Support the same data speeds as other cooper media.
| UTP CABLE CATEGORY | PURPOSE | COMMENTS |
| Cat 1 | Telephones | Not suitable for data |
| Cat 2 | Token ring | Support 4-Mbps token ring |
| Cat 3 | Telephones and 10BASE-T | 10BASE-T was created with a design goal of supporting the large installed base of cat 3 cable in `80`s |
| Cat 4 | Token ring | Supports 16-mbps token ring |
| Cat 5 | Ethernet | Supports 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T |
| Cat 5e | Ethernet | Uses the same cable as cat 5 but with more stringent requirement on the connector and the cable testing. Support gigabit Ethernet |
| Cat 6 | Ethernet | Officially support 1-gbps Ethernet, with work being done that could use cat 6 cable for 10-gbps Ethernet |
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